In the mathematical field of group theory, the transfer defines, given a group G and a subgroup of finite index H, a group homomorphism from G to the abelianization H. It can be used in conjunction with the Sylow theorems to obtain certain numerical results on the existence of finite simple groups.
Contents |
The construction of the map proceeds as follows:[1] Let [G:H] = n and select coset representatives, say
for H in G, so G can be written
Given y in G, each yxi is in some coset xjH and so
for some index j and some element h of H, Then in general
where A=A(y) is some mapping of {1,2,…,n} to itself and each hi=hi(y) is an element of H.
The value of the transfer for y is defined to be the product in H/H′
where H′ is the commutator subgroup of H. Note that the order of the factors is irrelevant since H/H′ is abelian.
It's straightforward to show that, though the individual hi depend on the choice of coset representatives, the value of the transfer does not. It's also straightforward to show that and that the mapping defined this way a homomorphism.
A simple case is that seen in the Gauss lemma on quadratic residues, which in effect computes the transfer for the multiplicative group of non-zero residue classes modulo a prime number p, with respect to the subgroup {1, −1}. One advantage of looking at it that way is the ease with which the correct generalisation can be found, for example for cubic residues in the case that p − 1 is divisible by three.
This homomorphism may be set in the context of group cohomology (strictly, group homology), providing a more abstract definition. The transfer is also seen in algebraic topology, when it is defined between classifying spaces of groups.
The name transfer translates the German Verlagerung, which was coined by Helmut Hasse.
If H is the commutator subgroup G′ of G, then the corresponding transfer map is trivial. In other words, the map sends G to 0 in the abelianization of G′. This is important in proving the principal ideal theorem in class field theory. See the Emil Artin-John Tate Class Field Theory notes.